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SMEs - Business Plan Structures

 

1. Executive Summary
     •  History and current business status
           -  Name and Place of Business/ names of key executives/ types of products/brand (if any)
           -  Major client groups/market share/important competitors/competitive capabilities
           -  Business status (funds-loans) and current  business performance
     •  Business opportunities and project management history  
           -  History of projects / project objectives  (branch expansion/ setting up  new business/ business expansion or upgrade)
           -  Investment in project and source of funds
     •  Objective of business plan ( loan request, looking for a joint venture partner or business expansion or upgrade)
     •  Project Management Strategies
     •  Management/ procurement and inventory controls/ marketing and finance
     •  Returns on investment
           -  Pay–back Period
           -  Break-even Point
           -  Net Present Value (NPV)
           -  Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

2. Project Background
     •  History and background of project
           -  Concept
           -  Founder
           -  Year established
           -  Registered capital/ paid-in capital Business growth (including capital increases, business expansion and investments,
              new executives)
           -  Important milestones (if any)

     •  List of partners or shareholders and share ownership
     •  Background of partners or shareholders
     •  Summary of business performance ( previous 3 years)
     •  For new projects: please clearly identify key dates (create a table from time business established until date operations commenced)

3. Industry Analysis
     •  Overall industry outlook
     •  Industry growth trends
     •  Industrial enterprise standards (including standard certificates: ISO, QS, GMP, H A CCP) as well as other benchmarks which are
         important in the industry
     •  State support policies (if any)

4. SWOT Analysis
     •  Business strengths: factors providing competitive advantage against the competition
     •  Business weaknesses: competitive disadvantages
     •  Business opportunities : external factors that support business growth in the future
     •  Business threats:  external factors that may affect company’s growth potential

5. Vision, Mission & Goals
     • 
Based on current knowledge where does the business want to be in the future. .
     •  Mission is the work required to achieve the company’s vision
     •  Goals – short-term (1 year), medium-term (3-5 years) and long-term (5 years and over).  Goals during each period must tie in with each
         successive period.

6. Strategic Plan
     •  Corporate Level Strategy  - determine how a company is to achieve its overall business objectives  
     •  Growth Strategy 
           -  Investing in new businesses that support the existing business - forward –backward integration
           -  Diversification – reduce concentration risk
           -  Alliance strategies - increase existing business without capital investment  
     •  Stability strategy  - no investment during this period  - focusing on strengthening existing operations
     •  Retrenchment strategy
           -  Selling business units.
           -  Restructuring
     •  Business level strategies – using company’s core strength to develop business operations
     •  Cost leadership strategy  - competing with cheaper pricing
     •  Differentiation strategy - creating new value-added products that respond to  consumer needs
     •  Focus strategy – responding to needs of specific client groups - company is able to charge high prices.
     •  Functional level strategies 
           -  Operations management – necessary to execute business strategies
           -  Marketing – outline marketing plans and strategies
           -  Procurement  - indicate how procurement plans are in-line with company’s business strategy
           -  Finance – indicate how financial plans are in-line with business strategy

7. Business Management 
(before and after the operations commence)
     •  Business structure (sole ownership, partnership, limited company, etc.)
     •  Organization structure – key executives
     •  Executive team and principles of operations management
           -  Board of director and executive boards
           -  Management  style (centralization, decentralization)If it is a new business, show management team relationships - existing business
              and new business .
     •  Personnel Plan
     •  Manpower: employee turnover and manpower plan ( recruitment and selection processes)
     •  Personal Development Plan
     •  Auditor and Legal Advisors
     •  Business partners (if have)
     •  Summarize strengths, problems and management  targets  
     •  Summary important management project concerns
     •  Critical management targets 
     •  Budget for management section.

8. Marketing Plan   
(before and after new operations commence)
     •  Market overview
           1.  General market status: outline market environment – three years previous and three years forward – show company’s
                expectations (identify sources for  assumptions)
           2.  Market overall size (identify assumptions)
           3.  Market demand/ number of purchasers in the market
           4.  Total supply in market
     •  Products
           1.  Key selling points
           2.  Product positioning ( market image )
           3.  Product samples/ distribution channels
           4.  Distribution channels and target markets (clearly identify local market or national market)
           5.  Market share
     •  Client Groups
           1.  Target client groups – who are they?
           2.  Current major clients of business – total sales  
           3.  Name major future target market groups (ability to expand client base)
     •  Competition and competitors
           -  Status of competition in the current market
           -  Core competitors/competitors
           -  Market share of  core competitors
           -  Compare strength and weakness between products of company and competitors
           -  Current use trends – will current users change suppliers or use new products .
           -  Potential new market entrants
     •  Marketing strategy
           1.  Product/service
           2.  Pricing strategy
           3.  Distribution strategy
           4.  Marketing Promotion

     •  Summarize marketing strengths, weaknesses and potential target markets
           1.  Summarize marketing strengths
           2.  Summarize key marketing problems
           3.  Projections of  estimated market share  -  strategic plans
           4.  Marketing budget 

9. Technical analysis   
(before and after new business commences)
     •  Procurement  and delivery processes (show flow chart)
     •  Location and map of  shop /warehouse (if any)
           1.  Map showing location of shop/warehouse (if any)
           2.  Diagram of interior: shop /warehouse (if any)
           3.  Storage areas: amount
           4.  Buying or renting facility: financial details – contractual obligations
     •  Equipment 
           1.  Lists of machines and important equipment (financing details if any)
           2.  Age
           3.  Repair and maintenance records
     •  Product cost
           1.  Major suppliers
           2.  Gross profit ratios
           3.  Sales forecasts  
     •  Inventory management and policies
     •  Quality control process - procurement
     •  Summarize product strengths and weaknesses
           1.  Summarize products strengths and weaknesses
           2.  Summarize long-term production strategic plan
           3.  Budget for procurement/ warehouse

10. Financial Plan
     •  Investments (before and after new operations)

 

Detail
Source
Total
Ownership
Creditor ( Loans)
1. Fixed Assets      
1.1 Land      
1.2 Building      
1.3 Machine/ Equipment      
1.4 Car      
1.5 Office equipment      
1.6 Others      
Total fixed assets
     
2. Expenses before operations      
Total expenses before operational costs
     
3. Working capital      
3.1 Inventory for sale      
3.2 Accounts receivables      
3.3 Cash reserves for operations      
Total Working Capital
     
Total project cost
     
Ratio owner/loan
     
Loan details (if any)      
- Type and limits      
- Objectives      
- Interest rate      
- Principle payback      
- Period – no loan repayments      
- Collateral      


•  Investment in new projects

Detail
Source
Total
Ownership
Creditor ( Loans)
1. 1. Fixed Assets      
1.1 Land      
1.2 Building      
1.3 Machine/ Equipment      
1.4 Automobiles and trucks      
1.5 Office equipment      
1.6 Office equipment      
Total fixed assets
     
2. Expenses before operations      
Total expenses before operations
     
3. Working Capital      
3.1 Inventory for sale      
3.2 Accounts Receivable      
3.3 Cash reserves for operations      
Total Working Capital
     
Total project cost
     
Ratio owner/loan
     
• Financial sources      
Loan details (if any)      
- Type and limits      
- Objectives      
- Interest rate      
- Principle payback      
- No loan repayment period      
• Financial Projections: next 3-5 years      
• Finance and accounting assumptions      
- Sales, product costs, selling and operational costs      
- Interest payable      
- Sales ratio: cash/credit      
- Trade and cash discount policies (if any)      
- Credit terms      
- Inventory reserve period      
- Depreciation Method      
- Income Tax rate      
• Estimated profit and loss statements, balance sheets and cash flow statements :      
- Monthly estimates - first year monthly      
- Quarterly estimates - second and third year      
- Annual estimates after the third year (if any)      
• Financial Ratio Analysis      
• Liquidity Ratios      
- Current Ratios/TD>      
- Quick Ratios      
• Profitability Ratios      
- Gross Profit Margin Ratios      
- Operating Profit Margin Ratios      
- Net Profit Margin      
- Return on Assets – ROA      
- Return on Equity – ROE      
- Working Capital Management Ratios      
- Total Asset Turnover Ratios      
- Average Collection Period – Day      
- Accounts payable turnover – day      
- Inventory turnover – Day      
• Leverage Ratio      
- Debt Ratio      
- Debt Equity Ratio      
- Interest Coverage Ratio      
- Trend Analysis      

         

Items for analysis

2 years previous

1 year previous

Current year

Expectation First Year

Expectation Second Year

Total sales

Selling Costs

Primary profit

Selling and management expenses

Profits from operation

Net profit

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

            • Investment Rate of Return Analysis
                  • Pay back Period
                  • Break Even Point
                  • Net Present Value : NPV
                  • Internal Rate of Return - IRR
            • Summarize - strengths, problems, and financial targets
                  • Summarize financial strengths
                  • Summarize critical important financial problem
                  • Financial targets – to achieve strategic goals

11. Project Risk Analysis
      • Success factors – non-success factors
      • Project risks